Before you bring your newborn home from
the hospital, your baby needs to have a hearing
screening.
Although most babies can hear normally, 1 to 3
of every 1,000 babies are born with some degree
of
hearing loss. Without newborn hearing screening, it is
difficult to detect hearing loss in the first
months
and years of your baby’s life. About half of the children
with hearing loss have no risk factors for it.
Newborn
hearing screening can detect possible hearing
loss in the first days of a baby’s life. If a
possible hearing loss is found, further tests will be done to
confirm the results. When hearing loss is
confirmed, treatment and early intervention should start as
soon as possible. Early intervention refers to
programs and services available to babies and their families
that help with hearing loss and learning
important communication skills.
That is
why the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
recommends that all babies receive newborn
hearing screening before they go home from the hospital.
Why do Newborns Need Hearing Screening?
Babies
learn from the time they are born. One of the
ways they learn is through hearing. If they have
problems with hearing and do not receive the right treatment
and early intervention services, babies will
have trouble with language development.
For
some babies, early intervention services may
include the use of sign language and/or hearing
aids.
Studies show that children with hearing loss who receive
appropriate early intervention services by age
6 months usually develop good language and learning skills.
Some
parents think they would be able to tell if
their baby could not hear. This is not always
the case.
Babies may respond to noise by startling or turning their
heads toward the sound. This does not mean
they have normal hearing. Most babies with hearing loss can
hear some sounds but still not hear
enough to develop full speaking ability.
Timing
is everything. Your baby will have the best
chance for normal language development if any
hearing loss is discovered and treatment begins by the age of
6 months - and the earlier, the better.
How is Newborn Hearing Screening Done?
There
are 2 screening tests that may be used:
Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR)—This
test measures how the hearing nerve responds
to sound. Clicks or tones are played through soft earphones
into the baby’s ears. Three electrodes
placed on the baby’s head measure the hearing nerve’s
response.
Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE)—This test measures
sound waves produced in the inner ear. A tiny
probe
is placed just inside the baby’s ear canal. It measures the
response (echo) when clicks or tones are
played into the baby’s ears.
Both
tests are quick (about 5 to 10 minutes),
painless, and may be done while your baby is
sleeping or
lying still. One or both tests may be used.
If Hearing Loss is Found, What Can be Done?
This
depends on the type of hearing loss that your
baby has. Every baby with hearing loss should be
seen by a hearing specialist (audiologist) experienced in
testing babies, a pediatric ear/nose/throat
doctor (otolaryngologist), and a pediatric eye doctor
(ophthalmologist). Some children with hearing
loss
can also have problems with their vision. Many children are
also seen by a geneticist to determine if
there is a hereditary cause of hearing loss.
Special
hearing tests can be performed by the
audiologist who, together with the
otolaryngologist and
ophthalmologist, can tell you the degree of hearing loss and
what can be done to help.
If the
hearing loss is permanent, hearing aids and
speech and language services may be recommended
for your baby. You will be informed of choices for
communicating with your baby including total
communication, oral communication, cued speech, and American
Sign Language.
The
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
(IDEA) requires that free early intervention
programs be
offered to babies and children with hearing loss, beginning
at the time the child’s hearing loss is
identified.
The outlook
is good for children with hearing loss who begin
an early intervention program before the age
of 6 months. Research shows these children usually develop language
skills on a par with those of their
hearing peers.